Table of Contents

• OBJECTIVE OF THE JOURNAL
• SUBMITTING YOUR MANUSCRIPT
• RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS
• PREPARING YOUR MANUSCRIPT
• MANUSCRIPT TYPES
• STATISTICAL TREATMENT
• HUMAN AND ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION
• COPYRIGHT
• PEER REVIEW
• REVISION OF MANUSCRIPTS
• ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGES

1. OBJECTIVE OF THE JOURNAL

Physical Activity and Nutrition (PAN) is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal published quarterly (end of March, June, September, and December). It was launched by the Korean Society of Exercise Nutrition in 1997 and was previously titled Journal of Exercise Nutrition and Biochemistry (JENB). In 2020, it was changed to PAN, with the aim of reflecting and expanding the scope of the journal.

PAN features Original article, Short communication, Case reports, Review and Letter to the Editor on human and animal research as well as its related sub-disciplines. The journal seeks to publish high-quality scientific investigations that provide novel physiological knowledge across all areas of physical activity and/or nutrition, and demonstrate the synergistic effects of physical activity (including exercise and non-exercise physical activity) and nutrition, on maintaining health and fitness and preventing non-communicable diseases. The journal covers all aspects of public health; experimental biochemistry; experimental physiology; sports nutrition and supplementation; epidemiology; devices, tools, and technologies related to physical activity and/or nutrition.

Manuscripts must be written in English. Each manuscript is considered for publication with the understanding that it has not been submitted to any other journal. Upon acceptance for publication, manuscripts are subject to editorial review and revision.

Contact Address:
Physical Activity and Nutrition(PAN)
KOREA UNIVERSITY
145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
E-mail address: jenbedit@gmail.com

Seunghee Lee
General Manager, Editorial Board
TEL: +82-10-4719-2106

2. SUBMITTING YOUR MANUSCRIPT

2.1 General submission guidelines
All manuscripts must be submitted via the Electric Editorial System (EES) (https://www.e-pan.org). Authors may send queries concerning the submission process, manuscript status, or journal procedures to the Editorial Office (jenbedit@gmail.com). All correspondence regarding submitted manuscripts will be through e-mail. Authors who are unable to provide an electronic version of their manuscript or are in circumstances that prevent online submission, must contact the Editorial Office prior to submission to discuss alternate options. A manuscript submission through the EES consists of a minimum of two distinct files: a cover letter and the manuscript. The EES accepts files from a wide range of word processing applications. However, the preferred file format is Microsoft Word. Please note that PDF files are not accepted for submission. When the files to be submitted have been uploaded, the system will automatically generate an electronic (PDF) proof, which is then used for peer review.
All documents must be typed in 12-point font and double-spaced with one-inch margins. Include page numbers and line numbers in the manuscript file. Use continuous line numbers (do not restart the numbering on each page). The manuscript file must follow the general instructions on style/arrangement, particularly the reference style. Tables (Excel or Word) and Figures (PPT) should be included as separate, individual files. Revised manuscripts must also be accompanied by a file (separate from the cover letter) with responses to reviewers' comments. The text, tables, and graphics must be submitted as separate files. Complete instructions for electronic artwork submission are accessible at the PAN home page. The website guides authors through the creation and submission of various files.

2.2 Cover letter
Provide a cover letter indicating the name, mailing address, telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail address of the corresponding author. The cover letter must specify that all authors have contributed to the work and agreed to submit the manuscript for publication in PAN, that no part of the work has been published before (other than in abstract form), and that all human and animal studies have been reviewed by appropriate ethics committees. All individuals listed as authors must have contributed substantially to the work, participated in the writing of the manuscript, and read and approved the submitted version. All individuals who have contributed to the writing of the manuscript must be listed as authors. The editor reserves the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with these requirements.

3. RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS

Manuscripts for submission to the Physical Activity and Nutrition (PAN) should be prepared according to the following instructions. For issues not addressed in these instructions, the author is referred to the "Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals " (http://www.icmje.org/). Furthermore, all processes of handling research and publication misconduct shall follow the applicable COPE flowchart (https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts). PAN requests that all authors comply with research and publication ethics policies.

3.1. Disclosure of conflicts of interest
A conflict of interest exists when an author (or the author's institution), a reviewer, or an editor has financial (e.g., employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, and paid expert testimony) or personal relationships that can inappropriately influence their actions with respect to the manuscript (http://www.icmje.org/disclosure-of-interest/). Authors must fully disclose any such relationships on the separate title page file.

3.2 Protection of human and animal rights
While reporting experiments that involve human subjects, it should be stated that the study was performed according to the Helsinki Declaration (https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects) and approved by the Research Ethics Committee (REC) or the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the institution where the experiment was performed. The author should also include the IRB or REC institution name and number in the text. In the case of an animal study, a statement should be provided indicating that the experiment process, such as the breeding and the use of laboratory animals, was approved by the REC of the institution where the experiment was performed or that it does not violate the rules of the REC of the institution or the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council). The authors should preserve raw experimental study data for at least 1 year after the publication of the paper and should present this data if required by the editorial board.

3.3. Protection of privacy, confidentiality, and written informed consent
The PAN has recommended the following statement for the protection of privacy, confidentiality, and written informed consent: The rights of patients should not be infringed without written informed consent. Identifying details should not be published in written descriptions (patient's names, initials, hospital numbers, dates of birth, or other protected healthcare information), photographs, and pedigrees unless it is essential for scientific purposes and the patient (or his/her parents or guardian) provides written informed consent for publication. However, complete patient anonymity is difficult to achieve; therefore, informed consent should be obtained in the event that anonymity of the patient is not assured. For example, masking the eye region of patients in photographs is not adequate to ensure anonymity. If identifying characteristics are changed to protect anonymity, authors should provide assurance that alterations do not distort scientific meaning and editors should take note of this. When informed consent has been obtained, it should be indicated in the published article.

3.4. Registration of clinical trials
Authors are strongly recommended to register their clinical trials with primary national clinical trial registries such as Korea Clinical Research Information Service (CRiS, http://cris.nih.go.kr), other primary national registries accredited by the World Health Organization (https://www.who.int/clinical-trials-registry-platform/network/primary-registries), or clinicaltrial.gov (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/). We define a clinical trial as any research project that prospectively assigns human subjects into intervention and comparison groups, to study the cause-and-effect relationship between a medical intervention and a health outcome.

3.5. Authorship
To be listed as an author, an individual must meet all of the following criteria: 1) made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the study; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; 2) contributed to drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content; 3) provided approval of the final version to be published; and 4) agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that any questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. All individuals who do not meet the above criteria but have contributed to the article should be listed in the Acknowledgments section (http://www.icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf).

3.6. Originality and duplicate publication
Submitted manuscripts must be original and not be under consideration by other scientific journals for publication at the same time. Accepted manuscripts should not be duplicated in whole or in part in any other scientific journal without permission from the Editorial Board. If duplicate publications of the papers published in this journal or plagiarism is detected, the journal may take action against the authors, which may range from requesting their institutions to assess the facts or asking the Editor-in-Chief of the counterpart journal to acknowledge the error and retract the paper, to banning the authors from publishing in PAN for up to 3 years. The final sanction against the author(s) may be discussed in the Editorial Board meeting.

3.7. Embargo policy
All contents of an accepted article must be strictly confidential and may not appear in media, either in print or electronic form, before the article's embargo date. All authors and funding institutions must adhere to this policy and not distribute the results of their work prior to the embargo date. If an embargo break is a result of any action by an author, they risk the withdrawal of the accepted article. Violations of the embargo policy may also jeopardize future acceptance of the author’s manuscripts by PAN. Generally, embargoes on journal articles are lifted at the time of publication, either online or in print (whichever comes first).

3.8. Secondary publication
Manuscripts may be republished if they satisfy the conditions laid down by the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (http://www.icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf).

3.9. Process for managing research and publication misconduct
Suspected cases of research and publication misconduct—such as redundant (duplicate) publication, plagiarism, fabricated data, authorship issues, undisclosed conflicts of interest, ethical issues in the submitted manuscript, reviewer misconduct, or complaints against editors—will be resolved by the Editorial Board as per the flowchart provided by the Committee on Publication Ethics (http://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts). All papers accepted to this journal are checked for plagiarism using the iThenticate (https://www.ithenticate.com/) program. If the plagiarism rate is found to be within the permissible limits, we begin the process of editing and publishing.

4. PREPARING YOUR MANUSCRIPT

4.1 Original article
The manuscript should include the text, references, and figure/ table legends. Do not include the figures or tables in this file.

Article Structure
Each article’s structure should adhere to the following order:
① Cover letter, ② Title page, ③ Abstract and keywords, ④ Introduction, ⑤ Methods, ⑥ Results, ⑦ Discussion, ⑧ Acknowledgments,⑨ References, ⑩ Tables, and ⑪ Figures and Figure legends.

Title page
The following items should be included on the title page: 1) the title of the manuscript, 2) author list, 3) each author’s affiliation, 4) the name and e-mail address of the corresponding author, 5) when applicable, the source of any research funding and a list of where and when the study has been presented in part elsewhere, and 6) a running title of fewer than 50 characters.

Abstract and keywords
The abstract must be a single paragraph of no more than 250 words, summarizing the Purpose, Methods, Results, and Conclusion. Abbreviations and citations must not be given in the abstract. Provide up to seven keywords below the abstract.

Main text
The main text should consist of Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections.

• (1) The Introduction describes the purpose of the research and explains why the article is important. The background of the study and the relevant principles are summarized. The Introduction should not include the results or conclusions of the study.
  
• (2) The Methods section presents the research methods. The subjects, experimental animals, or control groups involved in the study should be clearly described. The research methods should be presented in sufficient detail such that another researcher may duplicate the study. In particular, the methods used to diagnose subjects’ diseases or conditions and to control for observer bias should be explained. For equipment and reagents, the product name should be given, along with the manufacturer (along with headquarters city, state if applicable, and country) in parentheses. A reference may be provided for well-known methods, including methods for statistical analysis. If a method that is not yet well-known is used, or if a conventional method has been modified in the article, the relevant information should be briefly introduced in addition to providing a reference, and the rationale and pros and cons of the method should be supplied. Information regarding the acquisition of approval or consent of the IRB should be included. Ensure correct use of the terms sex (when reporting biological factors) and gender (identity, psychosocial or cultural factors), and, unless inappropriate, report the sex and/or gender of study participants, the sex of animals or cells, and describe the methods used to determine sex and gender. If the study was done involving an exclusive population, for example in only one sex, authors should justify why, except in obvious cases.
  
• (3) The statistical method used should be described in detail so that the results in the article can be verified. If possible, the research findings should be quantified, and the indices that represent the measurement error or uncertainty (such as significance intervals) should be provided. Failure to present significant quantitative information, depending only on the statistical hypothesis test results, should be avoided, as in the case of providing only the P-value. If the research data is based on samples, a statistical verification process should be performed in order to generalize the results. The statistical computer software used should be specified.
  
• (4) In the Results section, the results or findings should be described in a logical order, with tables and figures matched with the main text. Do not repeat in the main text all the data included in the tables and figures, but do describe the main points.
  
• (5) In the Discussion section, important or novel findings in the results should be highlighted and conclusions made accordingly. Do not repeat statements that have already been made in Introduction and Results. The potential applicability and scope of application, as well as limitations in the interpretation of the results, may be described. Additionally, other relevant reports may be compared and discussed and then correlated with the purpose and conclusions of the study. Avoid making any conclusion that is not based on the study data or any baseless assertion. A new hypothesis may be suggested on the basis of the acquired data, and an appropriate method to verify the hypothesis should be included. When mentioning results that have not been shown in Results, they should be described as “data not shown.”
  

SI Units
The unit abbreviations shown below may be used without a period in accordance with the "CBE Style Manual" 6th edition, prepared by the CBE Style Manual Committee and published in 1994 by Cambridge University Press. L, mL, L, kg, g, mg, g, ng, pg, mol, mmol, mol, nmol, pmol, mol/L (mol L-1) or M, mM, M, nM, pM, mp,bp, y, mo, wk, d, h, min, s, MBq, kBq, Bq, Km, Vmax, pH, etc.

Acknowledgments
The acknowledgments are located after the main text and before the reference list. All persons who have made substantial contributions but who do not meet the criteria for authorship are acknowledged here. All sources of funding (with the funding number) applicable to the study should be explicitly stated here.

References
All works cited in the text must also appear in the reference list, and vice versa. References must be listed and numbered sequentially in the order in which they first appear in the text. Citations of abstracts and works in submission are not permitted. If inevitable, personal communication can be cited in the text, but not in the reference list. Papers in press can be cited when a proof has been produced.
List all the authors’ names. Journal name abbreviations should be those found in the Index Medicus and PubMed databases. Details must be provided in the following format: author names, title of the paper, abbreviated journal name, publication year, volume number, page range. Follow the examples given below to format the references. For citations from other sources, refer to The NLM Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, 2nd ed. Bethesda, Maryland, USA. National Library of Medicine. 2007 (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine). Citations in text must be numbered using Arabic numerals inside square brackets, e.g., [1, 2]. The reference list must appear at the end of the main text.

Example reference style:

4.2 Tables and figures
All graphics/illustrations must be prepared digitally. MS Office files (Word, Excel, and PowerPoint) are accepted. Tables (Excel or Word) and Figures (PowerPoint) should be provided as separate files. Acceptable file formats are Word (.doc) for manuscript and title page files. Tables must be created using Excel or Word (.doc), which can be modified (do not upload each table separately). Figures must be created using PowerPoint or Word and provided in one file (do not upload each figure separately). Each figure and table file must not exceed 10 MB in size. For figures in .jpg format, we mandate a minimum resolution of 300 dpi and RGB color mode.

In the submission system, the following files must be uploaded separately, in the following order:

1. Manuscript (do not include authors’ names and other identifying details)
2. Tables
3. Figures

5. MANUSCRIPT TYPES

PAN features Original article, Short communication, Case reports, Review and Letter to the Editor on human and animal nutrition research across all areas of physical activity and nutrition, as well as its related sub-disciplines.

5.1 Original article
The following structure must be adopted for original articles: a. Abstract (200–250 words), b. Introduction, c. Methods, d. Results, e. Discussion, f. Acknowledgment(s), and g. References. Maximum of 5,000 words excluding abstract, references, figures, and tables.

5.2 Short communication
This is a brief report of scientifically sound research with a limited scope, and the like. It should not exceed 4 printed pages. Short communication does not require a formal organization as for an original article, although a brief summary and several key words are required. Maximum of 2,000 words excluding abstract, references, figures, and tables.

5.3 Case reports
Case reports on physical activity and nutritional sciences research. The format for Case reports is the same as that for an original article.

5.4 Review
Submissions of reviews are typically invite-only and will be subject to editorial review. Volunteered reviews are also welcome and will be peer-reviewed. Maximum of 7,000 words excluding abstract, references, figures, and tables.

5.5 Letters to the Editor
Constructive comments and data on papers published in PAN will be considered. The authors of the original article in question will be given an opportunity to provide a rebuttal. The letter, data, and authors’ rebuttal are limited to a printed page each. Maximum of 1,000 words excluding references.

6. STATISTICAL TREATMENT

Authors should consult with a statistician or an expert regarding their experimental data. In the case of a contribution, authors must cite the literature for all statistical analyses other than for ANOVA, Student's t-test, and Chi-square test, as well as specify the name and version of the statistical software where relevant.

7. HUMAN AND ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATIONS

Manuscripts describing studies that involved human subjects must specify that the study conformed to the code of ethics enshrined in the Declaration of Helsinki (published by the World Medical Association). The author(s) must also submit a letter of approval with the research. For studies involving animal experimentation, the study protocol must also be approved by the appropriate committee in keeping with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. For further details on policies pertaining to research and publication ethics not outlined on this instruction page, please refer to the Guidelines on Good Publication Practice
(https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines) or
(https://publicationethics.org/files/u7141/1999pdf13.pdf).

8. COPYRIGHT

All authors must grant PAN, in writing, the exclusive copyright at the time of manuscript submission. Manuscripts will not be peer-reviewed until the copyright assignment form completed by the authors has been received by the Editorial Office. A manuscript is considered for publication on the condition that it has been submitted to PAN alone, and that the manuscript has not been published elsewhere, in part or in whole. Manuscripts containing data that have been posted on the Internet for public access will not be considered for publication.

9. PEER REVIEW

All manuscripts will be blinded and peer-reviewed by at least two anonymous reviewers selected by the editor and associate editors. The authors may request their manuscript to be reviewed by a specialist recommended by the authors. Letters to the Editor are reviewed and published at the editor’s discretion. Decision to accept, reject, or request revision will be communicated to the corresponding author at the earliest. When the final revised manuscript is deemed acceptable per PAN’s format and criteria, it will be scheduled for publication in the next available issue. Rejected manuscripts will not be peer-reviewed again.

10. REVISION OF MANUSCRIPTS

When manuscripts are returned to authors for revision, a letter from the editor containing instructions will be provided, which must be followed carefully. A cover letter must accompany all resubmissions. Furthermore, point-to-point responses to comments from the editor, associate editor, and reviewers, as well as a brief description of the changes made in accordance with their feedback, must be provided at the time of resubmission. Nucleotide and polypeptide sequences must be updated by searching public databases [e.g. GeneBank, European Nucleotide Archives (ENA), dbSNP, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), PeptideAtlas, PRIDE] right before the submission of the revised manuscript. If the revised manuscript is not received within six months of the editorial board’s initial decision, or if other necessary arrangements have not been made by the editor, the manuscript is considered to have been withdrawn.

11. ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGES

Authors whose manuscripts are accepted for publication are requested to pay US$ 500 (KRW 500,000) for up to 8 pages, and US$ 50 (KRW 50,000) per additional page. Information concerning payment will be sent by the Office for KSEN (suna@konkuk.ac.kr).